EU Inc. vs Bulgarian OOD/EOOD

The quick answer

The OOD/EOOD (Druzhestvo s ogranichena otgovornost) is Bulgaria's standard private limited company — the default choice for domestic business, and rightly so. The EU Inc. (Societas Europaea Unificata) isn't trying to replace it for purely domestic Bulgarian businesses. But for founders operating — or planning to operate — beyond Bulgaria's borders, the comparison changes quickly.

Bulgaria pairs the EU's lowest corporate tax rate (10%) with near-zero capital requirements — but administration is in Bulgarian and the entity is national.

Side-by-side comparison

Feature	EU Inc. (S.EU)	Bulgarian OOD/EOOD
Formation time	48 hours (digital)	About 1 week
Minimum capital	€1	BGN 2 (~€1)
Notary required	No	No (notarised signatures only)
Valid in	All 27 EU member states	Bulgaria
Fully online formation	Yes (via BRIS)	Partially
Harmonised EU-wide rules	Yes — one rulebook	No — Bulgarian law
Available now	Q1 2027 (law passing 2026)	Yes

What the OOD/EOOD does well

The EU's lowest flat corporate tax rate at 10%
Universally understood by Bulgarian banks, accountants, and public authorities
Available today — no waiting on the EU legislative calendar

Where the EU Inc. pulls ahead

One entity valid in all 27 member states — hire, contract, and operate anywhere in the EU without subsidiaries or branch registrations
48-hour fully digital formation with €1 minimum capital and no notary
One harmonised rulebook instead of 27 national systems — the same company law whether your customer is in Bulgaria or anywhere else in the Union
Built-in EU-wide frameworks from the proposal, including harmonised employee stock options (EU-ESOP) and standardised investment documents (EU-FAST)

Can a OOD/EOOD become an EU Inc.?

The Commission proposal contemplates that existing national companies can become an EU Inc. through domestic conversion or cross-border merger, division, or conversion — meaning a OOD/EOOD founded today shouldn't be locked out later. The exact conversion mechanics depend on the final text adopted by Parliament and Council, so treat this as direction of travel rather than settled law.

The bottom line

If your business begins and ends in Bulgaria, the OOD/EOOD remains a sound choice. If your ambitions cross a border — hiring, selling, or raising anywhere else in the EU — the EU Inc. is purpose-built to make that simple in a way no national form, however good, can be. Many Bulgarian founders will end up choosing it not against the OOD/EOOD, but for everything the OOD/EOOD was never designed to do.

National requirements are approximate, change with local reform, and may vary by structure and circumstances. EU Inc. figures reflect the European Commission proposal of March 18, 2026, which is subject to amendment before final adoption. This page is general information, not legal advice.